Medium-Hub Airport Ratemaking – 2022 Update

(Draft September 5, 2022 by Dafang Wu; PDF Version)

This document summarizes the ratemaking methodologies for U.S. medium-hub airports, using the calendar year 2019 classification established by the Federal Aviation Administration. This is a continuation of the large-hub airport ratemaking.

For comments and discussions, please email This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.For the most recent official statements, please see https://dwuconsulting.com/airport-finance/large-hub/official-statements.

ABQ

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: none
  • Revenue sharing: none
  • Airport-wide methodology: compensatory
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements (including reliever airport deficits) divided by signatory landed weight, see section 7.06
  • Terminal methodology: commercial compensatory
    • Details: net building costs divided by rentable space. There is also a passenger circulation area charge, see section 7.02
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through cash/credit, see section 7.14
  • Other comments:

 ANC

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: yes, through landing fee rate calculation
  • Revenue sharing: not applicable
  • Airport-wide methodology: residual
  • Airfield methodology: airport system residual
    • Details: net requirements of the airport system divided by signatory landed weight, see section 9.09
  • Terminal methodology: compensatory
    • Details: net terminal requirements (after concession and parking credits, and including 50% of FIS deficits, among other adjustments) divided by adjusted usable premises, but no lower than $61.50, see section 9.03
  • True-up/settlement: not found
  • Other comments:

AUS

Rate document:

  • Name: Use and Lease Agreement
  • Expiration date: September 30, 2022, see page 30 of the 2022 OS, which may be extended through September 30, 2023
  • Link: not found
  • Investor relationship site: not found

Ratemaking:

BDL

Rate document:

  • Name: Airline Operating and Lease Agreement
  • Expiration date: June 30, 2022, see page 12 of the 2021 FS
  • Link: not found
  • Investor relationship site: not found

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: ECP, per Fitch rating in April 2021
  • Revenue sharing: uncertain
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid residual
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: not available
  • Terminal methodology: compensatory
    • Details: not available
  • True-up/settlement: not available
  • Other comments:

BNA

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection:
  • Revenue sharing: variable % of terminal concession and rental car concession revenues
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid compensatory
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements (including reliever airport costs) divided by signatory landed weight, see section 9.2
  • Terminal methodology: fixed rates plus unforeseen expenses
    • Details: see section 9.3
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through cash/credit, see section 9.12
  • Other comments:

BUF

Rate document:

  • Name: Use and Lease Agreement
  • Expiration date: extended through June 30, 2024, see Fitch rating in October 2021
  • Link: not found
  • Investor relationship site: not found

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: ECP, see page 31 of the 2019 OS, assuming that it is the 2019 ULA extended to 2024
  • Revenue sharing: uncertain
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid residual
  • Airfield methodology: cost center compensatory
    • Details: see page 30 of the 2019 OS
  • Terminal methodology: cost center compensatory
    • Details: net requirements divided by total gross building area square footage, see page 30 of the 2019 OS
  • True-up/settlement: implied that it is reconciled in the following year through rate calculation, see page 30 of the 2019 OS
  • Other comments:

BUR

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: ECP, see section 7.08(a)
  • Revenue sharing: yes, through credits to terminal and landing fee calculations
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid residual
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements including up to 25% of parking and roadway profit and loss dived by landed weight
  • Terminal methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements after concession revenues, and including up to 50% of parking and roadway profit and loss, divided by airline rented space. The agreement does not specifically provides a way to calculate rental rate, but mentions in section 7.04 that “the Rental and Joint Use Fees … shall be subject to adjustment … to provide for the expenses of Terminal Building Cost Center …” See section 7.04
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through rate calculation, see section 7.04
  • Other comments:

CHS

Rate document:

  • Name: Authority Ordinance 2018-02
  • Expiration date: not applicable
  • Link: Not found
  • Investor relationship site: not found

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: none
  • Revenue sharing: none
  • Airport-wide methodology: compensatory
  • Airfield methodology: fixed rate at $0.20 but can be revised
    • Details: see page 30 of the 2019 OS, details not available
  • Terminal methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: see page 30 of the 2019 OS, and also page B-115. As a side note, some medium- and small-hub airports have rate ordinances with a residual ratemaking, which is not permissible. However, so long as the result is below a full commercial compensatory rate, the rate could be reasonable, although the process may not be.
  • True-up/settlement: uncertain
  • Other comments:

CLE

Rate document:

  • Name: Airport Use Agreement
  • Expiration date: December 31, 2021 with two one-year extension; uncertain about status
  • Link: not found. The 2019ABC OS includes a summary in appendix A
  • Investor relationship site: not found

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: yes, see page A-10 of the 2019ABC OS, last paragraph
  • Revenue sharing: not applicable
  • Airport-wide methodology: residual
  • Airfield methodology: airport system residual
  • Terminal methodology: cost center residual
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through cash/credit, see A-10/11
  • Other comments:

CMH

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: none
  • Revenue sharing: yes, but details not available
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid compensatory
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual, according to the 2015-2019 agreement
    • Details: not available
  • Terminal methodology: commercial compensatory, according to the 2015-2019 agreement
    • Details: not available
  • True-up/settlement: details not available
  • Other comments:

CVG

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: ECP, see section 5.9
  • Revenue sharing: 10% to airfield and 15%-65% to terminal, see section 5.3
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid residual
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements divided by total landed weight, see section 5.7
  • Terminal methodology: hybrid compensatory
    • Details: net requirements divided by leasable space, adjusted by concession credit, see section 5.4
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through cash/credit, see section 6.3
  • Other comments:

DAL

Rate document:

Name:

  • Amended and Restated Lease of Terminal Building Premises (Airport Use and Lease Agreement)
  • Expiration date: September 30, 2028
  • Link: not available
  • Investor relationship site: not found

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: none
  • Revenue sharing: yes, see parking and concession notes below
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid compensatory. The City is in charge of profit and loss of other building & area cost center and reliever airports.
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements (after credit from 75% parking revenues) divided by leased space, see page 74 of Appendix B of the 2021 OS
  • Terminal methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements (after credit from 75% concession revenues) divided by leased space, adjusted for space weight, see page 74 of Appendix B of the 2021 OS
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through cash/credit
  • Other comments:

HOU

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: uncertain, likely none
  • Revenue sharing: inside concession revenues
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid compensatory
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
  • Terminal methodology: compensatory
    • Details: net requirements divided by usable space, see page A-117 of the 2018AB OS
  • True-up/settlement: uncertain
  • Other comments:

IND

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: yes, see the first paragraph of page D-34
  • Revenue sharing: seems to be 100% after meeting other obligations and reserving $24 million annually. Description on page D-33 is unclear
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid residual
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements divided by total landed weight, see page D-33
  • Terminal methodology: commercial compensatory
    • Details: net requirements divided by rentable space, see page D-33
  • True-up/settlement: unclear
  • Other comments:

JAX

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: seems none
  • Revenue sharing: via residual terminal ratemaking
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid compensatory
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
  • Terminal methodology: cost center residual
  • True-up/settlement: uncertain
  • Other comments:

MCI

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

MKE

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: yes, see section 601
  • Revenue sharing: not applicable
  • Airport-wide methodology: residual
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: see section 605
  • Terminal methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements after credits including parking and rental car revenues divided by airline rented space; non-public space has weight of 0.75. See section 603
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through cash/check, see section 610
  • Other comments:

MSY

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: none, see discussion below
  • Revenue sharing: yes, 100% of ground transportation net revenues after account deposits
  • Airport-wide methodology: residual
    • Rating agencies, MSY and consultant have classified the rate methodology as residual. However, there does not appear to be one. It was claimed that the potential deficit from the Ground Transportation and Other Area cost center is recoverable from airfield and terminal requirements, but the lease agreement does not appear to include such language, and does not include an exhibit that supports the recovery.  Exhibits F-1 and F-2 only include a “revenue share credit” in the credit section, and Exhibit F-3 only shows revenue sharing, without showing recovery of any potential deficit. With that said, I am leaving it as residual.
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements divided by signatory landed weight, see exhibit F-1 of the agreement
  • Terminal methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements divided by airline rented space, see exhibit F-2 of the agreement
  • True-up/settlement: airfield variances settled through the rate calculation in the following year, and other variances settled through cash/credit in the following year
  • Other comments:

OAK

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: none
  • Revenue sharing: none
  • Airport-wide methodology: compensatory
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: not available
  • Terminal methodology: commercial compensatory
    • Details: net requirements divided by rentable space, see page 49 of the 2021H OS
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the year after the following year through rate calculation
  • Other comments:

OGG

See HNL in the Large-hub Ratemaking – 2022 Update

OMA

Rate document:

  • Name: rate by resolution, although there is an annual operation and lease agreement
  • Expiration date: not applicable
  • Link: not found
  • Investor relationship site: not found

Ratemaking:

ONT

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: yes but implicit. The airport is divided into only two cost centers, each being residual. See Appendix A cost center map
  • Revenue sharing: not applicable
  • Airport-wide methodology: residual
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements divided by signatory landed weight
  • Terminal methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements divided by airline leased space, see section 5.05
  • True-up/settlement: not found
  • Other comments:
    • Traffic statistics: reported in airport press monthly

PBI

Rate document:

  • Name: Airline Operating Agreement and Terminal Building Lease
  • Expiration date: September 30, 2024, see page 6 of the 2021 FS
  • Link: not available
  • Investor relationship site: not found

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: seems to be none
  • Revenue sharing: 35% of net remaining revenues, see section III of the Oct21 Rate Book
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid compensatory
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
  • Terminal methodology: commercial compensatory
    • Details: net requirement divided by rentable space, adjusted by revenue sharing, see the Oct21 Rate Book
  • True-up/settlement: unclear
  • Other comments:

PIT

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: yes, see section 7.01 Cost Centers, which specified that revenues should be adequate to cover all “Costs,” but does not provide a specific way to implement additional charges if needed. ACAA has 4 cost centers: Airfield Area, Terminal Area, ACAA, and Allegheny County Airport (AGC). The first two cost centers are fully residual, and up to $600K defici from AGC can be included in the landing fee calculation. If there is additional AGC deficit, or if ACAA has a deficit, the amount may be recoverable from airfield or terminal pursuant to section 7.01, but this is not tested. The operating expenses for ACAA and AGC are typically $4 to 5 million annually, less than 5% of total O&M expenses.
  • Revenue sharing: not applicable
  • Airport-wide methodology: residual
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements (including reliever airport costs up to $600K) divided by signatory landed weight, see Exhibit E to the agreement
  • Terminal methodology: residual
    • Details: net requirements divided by signatory rented space, see Exhibit E to the agreement
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through cash/credit, see section 7.04
  • Other comments:

RDU

Rate document:

  • Name: rate by resolution
  • Expiration date: not applicable
  • Link: not found
  • Investor relationship site: not found. The financial report is at https://www.rdu.com/financials/

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: none
  • Revenue sharing: none
  • Airport-wide methodology: compensatory
  • Airfield methodology: cost center compensatory
  • Terminal methodology: commercial compensatory
    • Details: net requirements divided by rentable space, see page 103 out of 120 of the 2023 Budget
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through rate calculation, see page 102 out of 120 of the 2023 Budget
  • Other comments:

RSW

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: ECP, see section 7.05D
  • Revenue sharing: 40% of net remaining revenues, see page 1 of the FY 2023 Rate Book
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid residual
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements divided by total landed weight, see page 3 of the FY 2023 Rate Book
  • Terminal methodology: commercial compensatory
    • Details: net requirements divided by rentable space, see page 2 of the FY 2023 Rate Book
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through cash/credit, see section 8.04
  • Other comments:

SAT

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: ECP, see section 6.3
  • Revenue sharing: 20% of nonairline revenues adjusted by other items, see page D-17 of the agreement
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid residual
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements divided by total sig and nonsig landed weight, see page D-16 of the agreement
  • Terminal methodology: commercial compensatory
    • Details: net requirement divided by rentable space, see page D-10 of the agreement
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through cash/credit, see section 6.2.2
  • Other comments:

SJC

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: ECP, see page G-20
  • Revenue sharing: 60% of net remaining revenues above $4M pre-DBO, or 60% above $2M after DBO, see page G-20
  • Airport-wide methodology:
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements divided by landed weight
  • Terminal methodology: commercial compensatory
    • Details: net requirements divided y terminal rentable space, adjusted for space weight factors
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through rate calculation, see page 302 out of 448 of the 2021ABC OS
  • Other comments:

SJU

SJU has been privatized and is subject to an airline payment cap, making it a compensatory airport.

SMF

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: ECP, see section 5.08
  • Revenue sharing: 40% of net remaining revenues, see section 6.06
  • Airport-wide methodology: hybrid residual
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements (including reliever airport deficit) divided by signatory landed weight, see page E-2 of the agreement
  • Terminal methodology: commercial compensatory
    • Details: net requirements divided by rentable space, see page E-13 of the agreement
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through cash/credit, see section 6.05
  • Other comments:

SNA

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: none
  • Revenue sharing: none
  • Airport-wide methodology: compensatory
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
  • Terminal methodology: commercial compensatory
    • Details: net requirements divided by rentable space, adjusted for weight factors
  • True-up/settlement: uncertain
  • Other comments:

STL

Rate document:

Ratemaking:

  • Residual protection: yes, through Additional Airline Requirement
  • Revenue sharing: not applicable
  • Airport-wide methodology: residual
  • Airfield methodology: cost center residual
    • Details: net requirements divided by total landed weight.
  • Terminal methodology: airport-wide residual (starting FY 2018)
    • Details: net requirements divided by usable space, and then airport-wide remaining requirements divided by airline rented space, see section 605 and Exhibit E-5
  • True-up/settlement: reconciled in the following year through cash/credit, see section 609
  • Other comments: